Alvin Toffler's The Third Wave (1981)
Reconsidered

アルビン・トフラー「第三の波」再考


Every civilization has a hidden code - a set of rules or principles that run through all its activities like a repeated design. As an industrialism pushed across the planet, its unique hidden design became visible. It consisted of a set of six interrelated principles that programmed the behavior of millions. (The Third Wave, p. 46)

The Second Wave
(Industrial Age)
- Hidden Codes -

-->

The Third Wave
(Information Age)
- New Codes -

Standardization
規格化		 -->
Specialization
分業化		 -->
Synchronization
同時化		 -->
Concentration
集中化		 -->
Maximization
極大化		 -->
Centralization
中央集権化

The Second Wave Marketization

The Third Wave

The Second Wave
(Industrial Age)
- Hidden Codes -		 --> The Third Wave
(Information Age)
- New Codes -
Standardization
規格化		 --> Customization
顧客化
Specialization
分業化		 --> (Generalization)
一般化
Synchronization
同時化		 --> Flex-time
フレックス・タイム化
Concentration
集中化		 --> De-massification
分散化
Maximization
極大化		 --> (Harmonization)
調和化
Centralization
中央集権化		 --> Decentralization
地方分権化

The Third Wave Trans-Market Civilization

John Naisbitt: Megatrends (1982)

Ten New Directions

Industrial Society --> Information Society
Forced Technology --> High Tech / High Touch
National Economy --> World Economy
Short Term --> Long Term
Centralization --> Decentralization
Institutional Help --> Self-Help
Representative Democracy --> Participatory Democracy
Hierarchies --> Networking
North --> South
Either / Or --> Multiple Option



Standardization

Specialization

Henry Ford' Model T Car in 1908

7,882 Specialized jobs of Operation

949

Strong, able-bodied, and practically
physically perfect men

3,338

Men of merely ordinary physical strenght

Most of the rest

Women or older children

670

Legless men

2,637

One-legged men

2

Armless men

715

One-armed men

10

Blind men


Dept. of Labor in 1977
20,000 identifiably different occupations


Synchronization


Concentration











Maximization




Centralization